smooth pursuit exercises pdf

0000000016 00000 n It is concluded that tracking eye movements have a negative effect on balance, and this information can be useful in treating patients with balance problems. Double Light Eye Tag- Use two different colored lights (light-topped pens work well). Sitting in front of the ramp encourages visual convergence and binocular fusion as well. Saccades are initiated by the frontal lobes and the burst-velocity signals are then generated from the pontine paramedian reticular formation in the brainstem. cf`aX{a6F*apepY$>b,c1&H3520x+ Interactive Campus Map Move eyes to floor and back 20 times. endstream endobj 19 0 obj<> endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<> endobj 26 0 obj<> endobj 27 0 obj<>stream 0000044606 00000 n 0000002315 00000 n better. 0000005029 00000 n Turn your head at a speed brisk enough to generate symptoms but not so fast that you strain your neck. . Bend forward and touch ground then sit up. 2142 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4B9CFADA9D872E4D988130A54A51A8DB>]/Index[2127 22]/Info 2126 0 R/Length 76/Prev 388581/Root 2128 0 R/Size 2149/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream However, limitations exist . Saccades need to be fast and accurate. You will see a number of baseballs moving around the screen. 0000002216 00000 n Repeat the process 3 times. Pursuits are slow and steady eye movements that allow you to track a moving object. The eye exercises will be supervised by an Orthoptist, who is a specialist in eye muscle balance and co-ordination. In order to perceive our world accurately, it is important for the eyes to land right on the intended target. Saccades are fast eye movement used to shift a persons gaze from one object to another. Bend forward and touch ground then sit up. not . 0000000707 00000 n The exercisemay be stopped and restarted again at any time if dizziness returns. Good, smooth pursuits are essential to everyday functions but are particularly important in the mechanics of reading and playing sports. an oculomotor skill that is necessary part of visual processing. In the smooth-pursuit eye movement with one leg standing, there were higher requirements for balance when the eyes and head move in the opposite direction, therefore, this movement can be recommended to people who need to enhance their balance ability. Let your symptoms settle. We offer a complimentary phone consultation with a registered physiotherapist to discuss your issue and provide honest advice about treatment options. 0000027668 00000 n These exercises may provoke symptoms of dizziness or nausea. Based on moderate evidence, clinicians may offer specific exercise techniques to target identified impairments or functional limitations. Rotate upper body left to right with eyes open, then repeat with eyes closed. You should progress by performing this in the most challenging position possible. DGd;$Oz` Craft Stick Puppets-Create small craft stick characters puppets to make a visual cue as a visual prompt for follow movement patterns. The activity of trunk and lower limb muscles (tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, vastus midialis obliques, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae) and the COP (center of pressure) (surface area ellipse. 0000032535 00000 n For our kids who are challenged to visually observe their Get the latest tools and resources Do 3 sessions per day. endstream endobj startxref Co-morbidities and vestibular suppressants may limit the success of therapy. 0000002864 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % To train movement of the eyes, independent of the head. 127 0 obj <>stream The results showed that fixed backgrounds and stationary gaze fixations attenuated postural sway, and oscillating backgrounds and smooth pursuits increased postural swayed, while there were no differences regarding saccades. Relaxing breathing eye stretches- This visual tracking activity is a way to work on smooth pursuits in a very mindful way. You will also love checking out these activities to improve visual tracking. Stop and wait for symptoms to resolve, about 30 seconds. Repeat 20 times in each direction per session. The brain interprets information gained from the vestibular or balancesystem. %%EOF %PDF-1.3 % You may need to speak with the doctor on-call. endstream endobj 2131 0 obj <>stream Understanding muscle activation patterns amongst squat variations can be practically applied by therapists, coaches and trainers to aid in reducing risks of arthrokinetic dysfunction via synergistic dominance, faster return to physical activity and normal functions of daily activity. Smooth Pursuit Exercise #1 - Baseball with Blue Background You will see a baseball move around the screen --follow it as timely and smoothly with your eyes as you can. 13 Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are critical to humans' 14 ability to see and interact with the world. Cornerstone Dizziness Clinic - Vestibular rehabilitation and concussion treatment exercise. Relaxing breathing eye stretches- This visual tracking activity is a way to work on smooth pursuits in a very mindful way. Hopefully, these activities to improve visual pursuits is a helpful addition to your therapy toolbox. 0000002359 00000 n Stop and do not proceed to the next video. Repeat 3 times. You will need to rest between repetitions and let symptoms calm. Read on for All exercises are started in exaggerated slow time and gradually increase speed to a more rapid rate. In particular, in the smooth-pursuit eye movement with one leg standing, there were higher requirements for balance when the eyes and head move in the opposite direction. Deficits in eye movements can localize the area of neurological compromise and can then be combined appropriate to rehabilitate brain function and symptoms. This activity works well with a large ball such as a kick ball and a sidewalk ramp, too. 18 0 obj <> endobj 0000033604 00000 n International journal of exercise science. Smooth Pursuit Exercise #7 - Basketball with Moving Background. 0000059947 00000 n During the first few times the exercise is performed, you should have another person present in case the dizzinessbecomes very severe. Pause and rest only if you becomenauseated or sick to your stomach. Cooksey exercises, developed in the 1940s, consist of a series of eye, head and body movements aimed at treating . hb``e``^01G,30j0209Pgaa+u=t{$Z7p$1MabR!GmaO3 Y Do not be afraid of your dizziness. (Slowly first, then quickly.). EFFECTIVENESS OF SACCADIC OR SMOOTH-PURSUIT EXERCISES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR HYPOFUNCTION (UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL). Click here to learn more about Visual Processing Lab and to sign up. If any of the exercises increase your symptoms and do not go away within 5 minutes of rest then do not proceed with the next exercise and let your therapist know. They should be at eye level. View 2 excerpts, references methods and background, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 0000016311 00000 n If these. 0000001011 00000 n To practice head movements that cause dizziness. Find the circle as quickly as you can and say aloud the number inside the circle. EXERCISE 1: SMOOTH PURSUIT CHALLENGE: Sit with an upright position and focus on the center target. Pursuit can cancel VOR . Good, smooth pursuits are essential to everyday functions but are particularly important in the mechanics of reading and playing sports. %%EOF You will see a circle appear randomly around the screen. Saccades Exercise #2. All Rights Reserved. 1. Visual processing skills have a huge impact on learning. For safety, standing exercises should be performed next to a counter or next to someone. Some ideas include creating a sloped surface with a poster board and books. 0000073747 00000 n Rest between each exercise. 0000073625 00000 n Combine slow and deep breathing with deliberate eye movements. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Repeat 3 times. endstream endobj startxref Tape the target X's on the wall about 3 feet apart. Finger to tip of nose and out (focusing on finger). Vestibular rehabilitation exercises should be initiated as soon as possible. 0000002597 00000 n Participants (51.6 4.9 years) were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n This study examined the effects of gaze fixation and different kinds of smooth-pursuit eye movements on the trunk and lower extremity muscle . Visual skills like visual tracking, or smooth visual pursuits are a visual processing skill that allow us to perceive and retrieve visual information. Repeat 3 times. Rotate head, shoulders and trunk 20 times each: Rotate upper body right to left with eyes open, then repeat with eyes closed. 0000004157 00000 n Pursuits are slow and steady eye movements that allow you to track a moving object. Postural stability training involves the alteration of one or both of the visual, and somatosensory and vestibular environments. I might have had too much fun with this one . The best thing about this lab (besides all of the awesome info) is that it has a fun lab theme. trailer Kids can move their eyes from color to color or follow directions to look at the two lights when they change. Just like yoga brings awareness to the body and a sense of being present, this eye stretch activity is a great way to calm a class during a busy school day. {ZaQTD`@76H^6O>134E.oS C6Y`. 0 621 0 obj <>stream We take a closer look at visual skills and break things down, as well as covering the big picture of visual needs. Clinicians should not offer saccadic or smooth-pursuit exercises as specific exercises for gaze stability to individuals with unilateral or bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Saccadic exercisesa Strong recommendation against I Smooth pursuit exercisesa Strong recommendation against I Targeted exercises Moderate recommendation II Supervised exercises Moderate recommendation II Gaze stability exercise for 12-20min/dayb Expert opinion V aOffered in isolation. Be sure to continue exercises even though you become dizzy. 0000051382 00000 n 5. 614 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<75F704863759844CA71C40FB0A30F181>]/Index[603 19]/Info 602 0 R/Length 75/Prev 540411/Root 604 0 R/Size 622/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Stabilize head and quickly jump your eyes up and down between the two targets. You want to keep an upright posture throughout each exercise. 603 0 obj <> endobj smooth pursuit eye exercises should not be offered in isolation as gaze stabilization exercises Gaze stabilization exercises, using adaptation & substitution, are more effective l Risk: Causes delay in receiving an effective exercise program Increases cost & time for patient to travel Effectiveness of Different Exercise Types for . Onceyou have gained a measure of improvement and control in your practice sessions, seek out sports or othermovement activities that have been difficult and spend increasing lengths of time on them until they no longerproduce any symptoms. 8400 Six Forks Rd, Suite 101Raleigh NC 27615, Eye Movement Exercises to Rewire Connections in Your Brain. To start, input the password provided to you, and push the play button on the video then a play bar should appear at the bottom. Lie there for 30 seconds or until symptoms resolve. The quality of the OPK response can help us determine what side of the brain is not functioning as well. Simply roll a small ball slowly up the ramp and kids can watch the ball as it rolls. Smooth pursuit (or "tracking") is considered a slower tracking system that allows the eyes to timely and smoothly follow a moving object. This is an essential part of reading and learning. Specific eye movement exercises are prescribed for each patient and tailored to address their individualized neurological dysfunction. HW]s6}#4c$INhq Mh? Slowly move it side to side for 30 seconds while head stays still. Keep provoking your dizziness many timeseach day, realizing that each purposeful, controlled episode of dizziness brings you closer to your last one. 0000004600 00000 n Some of the exercises will require "dual tasking" tracking a primary target while also pointing finger at other targets that move . All information on The OT Toolbox Website, its content of all types, including newsletter and social media is presented as informational only and is not a replacement for therapy assessment, diagnosis, intervention, or medical advice. You will see a baseball move around the screen --follow it as timely and smoothly with your eyes as you can. addressing the smooth pursuits of visual input. %%EOF nkSYsZu4KiNG@"n*,}kR"aL 5i0im@A"IL$sy44RmX8T3w]} Saccades Exercise #4. Exercises demand concentration; avoid distractions. By doing these exercisesrepetitively, one can even teach the brain to adapt to an abnormal stimulus. 0000005600 00000 n sent right to your inbox! SMOOTH PURSUIT EXERCISES Try a Free 10-minute Phone Consult Unsure if our services are appropriate for your problem? Start by walking for 5 minutes. 0000034281 00000 n The brain has to know exactly where objects are in the environment so that it can generate a motor command that allows someone to reach out and pick up a glass of water without spilling it or missing the glass altogether. SPEMs without head movement disrupt the stability of body balance in a static posture, and diagonal SPEMs may have a more negative effect in maintaining body balance than horizontal or vertical SPEMS. Smooth pursuit Holding a single target, keep eyes fixed on the target. If too dizzy, slow eye movement down slightly. The OT Toolbox assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions that may appear in the Website. I; One of the most common ocular motor deficiencies seen in neuro-developmental disorders and decreased brain function is poor gaze stability. Gaze stability exercises should be performed a minimum of 3x/day (at least 20 minutes/day) STRONG RECOMMENDATION (LEVEL 1**) that voluntary saccadic or smooth pursuit eye exercises should NOT be oered in isolation as gaze stabilization exercises. 0000055920 00000 n Repeat this 10 times. saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements affect postural control is still a matter of debate. Once you have mastered these with eyes open, practice with eyes closed. 0000003440 00000 n Generally, to encourage the re-building of confidence in making easy, relaxed, spontaneous movements. Hold your index fingers about 12 inches apart at eye level. Youshould try to work through these symptoms if possible. Vestibular exercises merely stimulate the vestibular apparatus. In smooth-pursuit eye movements, the changes in the center of pressure and muscle activities were increased significantly with eye and head movement. Join us in visual processing Lab! 4Fv6JL In a sitting position, turn your head to the right and then left, leading your head with your eyes as if you are watching a tennis match. It is characterized by smooth, conjugate eye movements. EFFECTIVENESS OF SACCADIC OR SMOOTH-PURSUIT EXERCISES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR HYPOFUNCTION (UNILATERAL OR BILATERAL). A persons saccades can be evaluated to determine their level of frontal lobe and brainstem function. 3. xref 'L@RH*?GFtIF Sz667n~)N;5S$Y:Bg6"j$ 4j(|a#W|B `r-1mMb0L^m1nK\_. 1. Try to stand still without touching the wall for 30 seconds. You can also use your index fingers as targets. 0000038399 00000 n 0 A4P@:`cN xQah5B[h&VcQd;_g;gY\Yp~t4:DL&jSHw}FC5Zh8u. Flashlight Tag- Use a flashlight to help kids follow a target in various directions. Visual pursuits or tacking is `FBhZ9 ;D6?;o eD:8FGG6^^^ BJB0w0:F40h 5rt h`$$WQPtl0S@8PLt40U/zH"8Z03q3@-Sa'q)1=-M0q[Ok&ue80CZP .0UEB eC VOR Exercise #1 - Slow VOR - Call Letter. 0000001236 00000 n 2127 0 obj <> endobj 0i$n,s )r[Cb]Tm|XUj89R\nXg?=92\A-u[TI`U2K8t!Is^bwy1z1wCeveqUv[g}Vw~*sOeRw="wAo.U3Tw7RZw~ Exercises demand full concentration. This reflex is poorly developed in children with neuro-developmental disorders. Vestibular Rehabilitation Effectiveness in Unilateral Saccadic or Smooth Pursuit Exercises Effectiveness Encourage kids to keep their face steady while using their eyes only to watch the item fall through the marble run. Smooth-pursuit eye movement with one leg movement affects balance. If this is too hard at first, try standing almost heel to toe (with feet touching at big toes and ankles). Begin a walking program at home. ` LF #(qcAM bfM{qL,Ft ) Want to learn more about HOW visual pursuits and other aspects of visual processing impact learning (in a really big way)? Advice will be given on the frequency and duration of the exercises and a follow-up appointment will be . Now repeat the entire process 3 more times but this time looking at the ceiling or floor. Practice with eyes open. Begin to move you head to the sound of the beeps (remember, no more than 30 degrees in each direction) and . These exercises include neuromuscular control skills, which have evolved for the focus of vision system on the target and smooth pursuit for the moving target or one target jumping on another . Keep your head still and move your eyes to look at the target X on the RIGHT. It is more eective to use the adaptation and substitution forms of gaze stability exercises. Turn the laser on and center the laser into the target. Stated simply, one must seek out and overcome those positions or situations which cause dizziness. The frontal lobe is important in executive functions, attention, and learning. To make this activity more fun, try adding a deflated balloon to the top of the flashlight. When these are dysfunctional it can indicate poor brain function. environment, or who struggle to demonstrate visual tracking in reading or other 01f8QPP ,-]\f3mdec:C]%yIn:$MNb\387rps;8Ys ~qk]C\Xsq}TdVi)rw?}|,|x4"@3'VM,@B%^!M\MV$K m m @SfF.fo@?|HC%&biW=lPz&ukP(8tl${lN{0L,~@BH!2 therapy geared toward visual processing skills. Four Functions of Smooth Pursuit. These exercises may provoke dizziness or nausea. The goal in repeating these exercises is forthe brain to learn to tolerate and accurately interpret this type of stimulation. Smooth pursuit exercise (level 2) can help with central oculomotor injury related to a concussion. Saccades Exercise #7 - Basketball with Plain Background. For even MORE visual tracking and pursuit activities to use in your occupational therapy practice, you will want to join our free visual processing lab email series. Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin. Rightward OPK is generated by the right brain and leftward OPK is generated by the left brain. Its a 3 day email series where you will learn SO much about visual processing and how it impacts everything, but especially learning and cognitive skills. 0000073094 00000 n You should walk 5 days a week. clinicians should not include voluntary saccadic or smooth-pursuit eye movements in isolation (ie, without head movement) as specific exer-cises for gaze stability. Smooth Pursuit Exercise #2 - Baseball with Static Ballfields. Methods: Twenty-four subjects were selected for the study. 0 These exercises are to improve the ability to track targets with a variety of backgrounds progressing from a blue background to picture background then to a moving background. This is an essential eye movement that allows for visual function as the surrounding visual environment passes by. 0000028354 00000 n (.(f&(7TQjqnh{ l!e2*u@3?: 7mQge0. 0000041082 00000 n Perform first with eyes open then with eyes closed (attempt only with assistance). 0000000516 00000 n By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. hbbd```b``z "'@$CD2 `{w`#`Xv.$0[D8wH0{HMm"}llzFeV d|$pd`*H%P "30|` aF hb```f``5g`c`hab@ ! 800e 72 X.:cl0/fx=Vyy#-.fj( wrK|vHn`nK^n5Ifi|sy\|;cRGdX6un]"vU(ffPtBcl),i&x+qiO*:eCQ-H*y+y=aQn76Yf Perform first with eyes open, then with eyes closed (attempt only with assistance). H|Tn0}WQfY)MtVa/Ai2v8#)ib@.tC{mrS`Mm!LHS$bh4j"l_DMV9^m]l The purpose of these exercises is to improve ones central or brains compensation for injuries or abnormalitieswithin the vestibular or balance system. Accurate eye movements create an accurate retinotopic map which is literally a stored map of the visual world surrounding us. Also try having the child to sit in front of the ramp and be in charge of rolling the ball. Saccades are also used in reading when a person shifts their line of site from one line they are reading to the next. endstream endobj 2128 0 obj <>/Metadata 206 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 2107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 274 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 2129 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 2130 0 obj <>stream Ex: Reading a road sign while driving 2) Cancellation of VOR during head tracking. smooth pursuit of the eyes. 0000006742 00000 n 0000000916 00000 n Speed of head motion should be increased as long as target remains in focus. hbbd```b``.3@$5{0&e#@$y3H2=WN``bd`z7@ & 0000033502 00000 n Visual pursuits are another term for visual tracking. Encourage kids to keep their face steady as they use just the eyes to follow the light. Voluntary saccadic or smooth pursuit eye exercises should . Repeat 5 times clockwise, and 5 times counter-clockwise. Keeping the laser in the target, follow the outer (lighter) pattern with your eyes into each quadrant. This is why the examination of eye movements is a window into brain function and a valuable tool to measure neurological health. This brain imbalance is seen in many people with neurological deficits. Some of the exercises will require "dual tasking" --tracking a primary target while also pointing your finger at other targets that move around a main target. 28 0 obj<>stream You will see a basketball move around the screen --follow it as timely and smoothly with your eyes as you can. Based on moderate evidence and in . Based on evaluation, these exercises may need to be performed multiple times/day. These exercises work in much thesame way as the exercises skaters or dancers do to keep from becoming dizzy when they spin around rapidly. Our visual system is the one system that utilizes the entire brain to process and interpret information. 0000003068 00000 n No image or information displayed on this site or related domains including social media may be reproduced, transmitted, or copied without the express permission of The OT Toolbox. Jackson, MS 39216 Based on moderate evidence and in consider- Perform in the sitting position. As they look up and breath or look to the left and breath, kids can even use this activity as a coping strategy. H\n@C =,Yv"?Z'a oST)4LW|nr840S1\[l;sg]3}SUabbmK'pk)%|oz7_}Ifhuj^B~[+n;:fUHzE~~Q___SO rI.jZ l%J`+7uu_[hAa}A>x3GvOOOyYY> Increase the length of walking time by 5 minutes each week until you can walk for 30 minutescontinuously. cVU\)/` p To do so is infringement of copyright law. %PDF-1.6 % Stopping before complete resolution of dizziness often results in a relapse in symptoms. GKKTz*9 FNi4p9 FNiIt_bL3<3_=Kpg x All works published on this website do so with the consent of the author and establish The OT Toolbox as the copyright holder. The following exercises should be performed twice daily. Patient Appointments: 888-815-2005, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Intellectual Property and Commercialization Office. Kids can perform these activities as part of a therapy program and while working on functional skills within an occupation. ] u hbbd``b`$;A 18 11 learning experiences, activities designed to promote smooth pursuits and eye Smooth Pursuit Exercise #6 - Basketball with Static Basketball Court. Saccades Exercise #3. Do activities involving stooping, stretching, bending, going up and down stairs (attempt only with assistance). Go back and forth 10 times, and then wait for 30 seconds (or until symptoms resolve). To become accustomed to moving about naturally in daylight and in the dark. 0000067737 00000 n Call us at (416) 595-5353 be offered instead of gaze stabilization (VOR) exercises, which include head movement . Try to work through these symptoms. endstream endobj 71 0 obj <. 6. 2148 0 obj <>stream Let your symptoms settle. Turn shoulders to right and then to left 20 times. movement can be helpful. When the head and eyes moved in opposite. Smooth Pursuit Exercise #1 - Baseball with Blue Background. Based on moderate evidence, clinicians may offer speci c exercise techniques to target identi ed impairments or functional limitations. 0 Based on evaluation, these exercises may need to be performedmultiple times/day. Specific eye movement exercises are very powerful for treating physiological brain lesions. 0000002538 00000 n You can use both hands. 0000020096 00000 n %PDF-1.5 % Repeat these exercises 3 times. . \cH>4ahE Gv2Mlfp4MSVD D9@?_;zlU5TB+CST2G@_q7we0l QeH/C*>B*w~]-_? 0000002967 00000 n 0000002220 00000 n These barnyard animal puppets make a great DIY puppet tool for a visual pursuit and tracking activity. <<60AD1F37B774974A9E7A1A2B89BDFDF2>]>> Sling exercises with vibration improved the trunk muscle activities of healthy adults compared to the sling exercises without vibration, and is important for clinicians who use lumbar stabilization exercises as an evaluation tool or a rehabilitation exercise. This stimulation produces information to be processed by the brain. When you child moves their head their eyes should move equally in the opposite direction if this reflex is functioning properly. If this is too hard at first, practice walking almost heel to toe and gradually work to heel to toe touching. Therefore, this movement can be recommended to people who need .%ien5"h\i6hRQnok%3a+jY|OC#!7d5x@KW_#]\ S:0Sj5rUa}`nis;vWiZCgpN v;yM?4"2U{2]2Jcqyp?E:OuXlb&rd@0,$! You have a problem with your balance or equilibrium. Saccades Exercise #5. If you still become sick toyour stomach, postpone further work until your next session. Every time a person tracks or follow an object they are using an eye pursuit mechanism. In a hallway or next to a wall, practice walking in a straight line for 5 minutes with one foot in front of the other or heel to toe (with the heel of one foot touching the toe of the other foot). 0000002462 00000 n Here are DIY marble run activities that make a great activity in themselves for kids. Flash one color on and then the other. 0000001972 00000 n Use these strategies to work on various visual processing skills and oculomotor skills. 0000051962 00000 n 3. startxref Continue to perform these exercises at least twice daily until your symptoms resolve. These exercises should be done at least three times a day for a minimum of 6 to 12 weeks or until the dizzinessgoes away altogether. It is like an exercise for muscle building. Clinicians should not offer saccadic or smooth-pursuit exercises as specific exercises for gaze stability to individuals with unilateral or bilateral vestibular hypofunction. These maps are constantly referenced and utilized with every movement we make. Throw ball from hand to hand under one knee. 0000000787 00000 n Saccades are more rapid eye movements that allow the eyes to quickly and accurately move from one position to another.